What is Authorization (AuthZ)?

Authorization (AuthZ) is the process of determining what an entity can access or do in an application or system, and it often varies in complexity based on multiple inputs and data. Common authorization patterns include Role Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC), and Relationship Based Access Control (ReBAC). Security concerns related to improper authorization and access control can lead to severe vulnerabilities in applications, so it's crucial to follow best practices such as denying by default, implementing granular controls, centralizing authz logic, and maintaining audit logs.