Qdrant Summer of Code 2024 - WASM based Dimension Reduction

Jishan Bhattacharya’s Qdrant Summer of Code 2024 project explored speeding up two-dimensional visualization of high-dimensional vector data in Qdrant’s Web UI by moving t-SNE calculations from JavaScript to multithreaded Rust compiled to WebAssembly. After an initial Rust rewrite, the project adopted vantage-point trees for neighbor lookup and the Barnes-Hut approximation for optimization, reducing the recorded processing time for 10,000 vectors from 884.728 seconds with exact t-SNE to 104.191 seconds, an approximately eightfold improvement. Because neighbor search remained a bottleneck, the proposed architecture shifted neighbor computation to the server and supplied the browser with a distance matrix. The work also reduced browser communication overhead through SharedArrayBuffer and renderer-driven updates rather than fixed-interval result transfers. Profiling identified additional limitations in large-payload parsing and Chart.js rendering, with rendering accounting for nearly 80% of observed time and suggesting future investigation of WebGL-based visualization.

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