How isolation improves queries in Prometheus 2.17

Prometheus 2.17 introduced isolation to its time series database (TSDB), addressing a significant limitation present in previous versions where concurrent queries and scrapes could lead to inconsistent results. Prior to this update, queries might only see a portion of the samples, particularly affecting functions like histogram_quantile, which rely on consistent data from histograms. The feature was initially conceptualized and partially implemented by Prometheus team member Brian Brazil but was delayed due to overlooked pull requests. The isolation feature, which ensures that queries view a consistent state of data, was eventually completed with contributions from various developers and finally integrated into Prometheus 2.17. While the introduction of isolation slightly increased CPU usage, memory usage, and query latency, these changes are generally negligible in most scenarios. The update ultimately resolved the issues where rule evaluations could yield inaccurate results due to uncoordinated data states, marking a significant improvement in the reliability of Prometheus queries.

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