Black Hat 2021, a major cybersecurity event, highlighted the increasing threat of supply chain and ransomware attacks over the past year, emphasizing their economic implications. Keynote speakers like Jeff Moss and Matt Tait discussed how these attacks are altering the cybersecurity landscape by changing the economics for attackers, enabling them to target a vast range of organizations through supply chain vulnerabilities. The conference also addressed the rising risks for small and medium-sized businesses, as attackers exploit supply chain weaknesses to access these less-defended targets. Tim Mackey explained the complexity of the software supply chain, illustrating how multiple layers of dependencies can create vulnerabilities. The event underscored the need for collaboration between government and private sectors, with initiatives like the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative (JC/DC) aiming to tackle these challenges. The conference concluded with a call to action for enhanced cooperation to address the evolving cyber threat environment.