The modern data lake is the product of three market trends: durability, availability, scalability, cost optimization, ease of data ingestion, and cold storage. It converges with data warehouses to manage or modify data as in a relational system, and emerges with central cataloging and governance capabilities. Traditionally, data lakes were at risk of becoming dumping grounds without metadata, making it hard to address concerns like ensuring extracted data reaches its destination, accounting for dirty writes, identifying and removing customer records, and maintaining privacy. Fivetran + AWS Lake Formation + Apache Iceberg governs data with ACID compliance, enabling data governance through open table format, metadata management, column- and row-level access, and object-level security controls. This ensures security, enables the "right to be forgotten," and makes managing individual records for regulatory compliance easier.