The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, led by John McCarthy in 1956, is considered the event that launched artificial intelligence as a field of study. Machine learning is a crucial aspect of AI, focusing on teaching machines to think and make decisions by analyzing patterns within datasets. Machine learning uses algorithms, data, computer power, and models to train machines to learn from their experiences, allowing them to continuously improve and adapt without explicit programming. A machine learning model is a representation of what an algorithm learns from processing the data, used to make predictions, identify patterns, categorise information, create predictions, make decisions, and more. Computer vision is a type of machine learning that enables computers to "see" the world around them by teaching them to take in visual information, analyse it, and reach conclusions based on this analysis. Artificial neural networks are commonly used models for computer vision, allowing computers to process, analyse, and understand frames and videos, and extract meaningful information from visual input. Computer vision has various applications, including image processing and classification, object detection, and image segmentation, with roles in industries such as medical imaging and self-driving cars.