Node.js provides various logging solutions, including console.log and console.error, which differ in how they handle output. Understanding the underlying technology is essential for effective logging. Node.js has a built-in ecosystem that allows developers to use libraries like pino, winston, roarr, and bunyan to ship logs efficiently without cluttering the user's console. These libraries offer features such as log levels, filtering, and transports that can be used to transform or prettify logs for better readability. For library development, using a middleware approach allows consumers to enable or disable logging as needed. Additionally, tools like chalk and pino-debug can help format and display debug logs in a more readable format. When building a CLI with Node.js, it's crucial to consider scenarios where the output might be redirected or run in CI mode, and to use libraries that handle these situations accordingly.