The process of installing Java 8, Apache Maven and Google Web Toolkit on Windows 10 involves downloading and configuring each tool separately. First, the Java Development Kit (JDK) is installed by downloading version 8 of the JDK from the official website, allowing the user to set the `JAVA_HOME` environment variable. Next, Apache Maven is configured by adding its bin directory to the system's PATH environment variable, ensuring that the `mvn` command can be found. Finally, Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is installed and configured by adding its base directory to the PATH variable, allowing the user to use GWT's commands such as `webAppCreator`. With all tools properly set up, the user is now ready to start developing Java web applications using GWT.