Deploying a Vapor application to Heroku is a straightforward process that requires a few basic tools and setup. A working Vapor web application, Git, and a free Heroku account are necessary prerequisites. The Vapor CLI tool simplifies the deployment process by automating the installation of Swift on the Heroku instance before building the app. Once the deployment is initiated, users can monitor its progress and launch their browser to view the deployed app in the cloud. After successful deployment, users can push new changes using Git and the Vapor CLI tool, making it a seamless experience for continuous development and deployment.