Code refactoring in Java: OO vs. functional approach with examples

Code refactoring in Java is the process of altering the internal structure of existing code to enhance its non-functional attributes such as readability, maintainability, and performance, without affecting its external behavior. This practice involves restructuring, optimization, and the removal of unnecessary elements, addressing issues like technical debt, and preparing the code for future modifications. Java refactoring can be approached using Object-Oriented (OO) or Functional Programming (FP) paradigms, or a hybrid of both, employing techniques such as encapsulating fields, extracting classes and methods, replacing inheritance with delegation, using the Stream API, and implementing lambda expressions and immutable data structures. Best practices for refactoring include ensuring comprehensive test coverage, making small incremental changes, prioritizing clarity and simplicity, and minimizing external dependencies. Additionally, tools like Tabnine AI can automate and streamline the refactoring process by suggesting code improvements based on context.

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