What is TOTP and why do you need it?

TOTP (Time-Based One-Time Password) is a secure and cost-effective method of two-factor authentication that generates unique, time-sensitive codes by using the current time as a counter, enhancing the security of online accounts without relying on external communication channels like SMS or email. Unlike traditional passwords, which can be forgotten or stolen, and OTPs sent via SMS or email, which can be intercepted or delayed, TOTP codes are generated offline on a user's mobile device through an authenticator app, eliminating the need for internet access and reducing potential attack vectors. However, the storage of the secret key on both the user's device and the server presents a vulnerability if either is compromised. TOTP is part of a broader landscape of emerging two-factor authentication technologies, including biometric authentication, push notifications, and hardware tokens, which offer varying levels of security and convenience by leveraging unique personal attributes or physical devices.