SAML is a protocol that simplifies the complex process of verifying identities across different platforms by allowing organizations to centralize employee data using identity providers, which can then authenticate with service providers. SAML uses XML format to store encrypted data related to authenticated users and requires both parties to exchange public keys for verification. While SAML is often confused with Single Sign-On (SSO), the two are distinct concepts where SSO is a broader approach to simplifying user experiences across multiple systems, whereas SAML specifically addresses secure data exchange for authentication. The process of setting up SAML involves exchanging information between identity providers and service providers, including X.509 certificates, Entity IDs, URLs, and attribute mappings. This can be achieved through the use of SAML Metadata XML documents, which expose much but not all of this information. By combining SAML with Row-Level Security (RLS), organizations can gain fine-grained control over data access while improving security and meeting regulatory requirements.