The distinction between closed captioning and open captioning lies in their display options and flexibility. Closed captions are optional and can be enabled or disabled, whereas open captions are permanently displayed on the screen and cannot be turned off. Open captions ensure universal accessibility but may impact visual aesthetics, while closed captions offer customization options but require manual setup. Speech-to-text technology has streamlined the captioning process, making it more efficient, scalable, cost-effective, and inclusive by automatically generating captions for large volumes of content, enabling real-time captioning, reducing dependency on manual labor, and addressing common challenges such as accuracy and latency issues.