The cloud has introduced new security challenges, and implementing effective security requires a layered approach. AWS provides powerful native security services, but they need to be properly configured and used together for maximum effectiveness. Organizations face risks such as compromised access credentials, excessive access permissions, misconfigured S3 buckets, firewall and networking misconfigurations, poor encryption practices, inadequate logging, monitoring, and threat detection, outdated systems and software, shadow resources, lack of backup and recovery planning, third-party security risks, stolen access credentials, and public or misconfigured S3 buckets. To address these risks, organizations should implement a comprehensive security strategy that includes identity and access management, network and application security, data protection, governance and compliance, threat detection and response, and account boundaries. The key takeaways are that many traditional security risks exist in the cloud but manifest differently, AWS provides powerful native security services, account boundaries are the strongest security control, and a crawl/walk/run model is essential for building up security posture over time.