The Node.js test runner provides a dependency-free testing functionality that can be used in JavaScript applications, making it easier to write and run tests without requiring third-party dependencies. The test runner execution model allows for automatic detection of test files and their contents, enabling users to write and run tests without installing any additional packages. The `node --test` command runs the test suite, and the test runner provides various options, such as skipping tests, setting timeouts, and running tests concurrently. The test runner also supports subtests, which allow for grouping related tests together. Additionally, the test runner offers hooks for running behavior before and after tests, enabling users to define fresh test data or perform cleanup actions. The test runner's syntax is customizable with options like `describe` and `it`, making it easier to write test suites. The test runner also supports various reporters, including the default spec reporter, tap reporter, and dot reporter, allowing users to choose the reporting format that suits their needs. Overall, the Node.js test runner provides a powerful tool for ensuring code quality and reliability in JavaScript applications.