How to use Java DTOs to stay secure
Blog post from Snyk
Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) are Java objects designed to move only the required data between application subsystems, reducing system calls, decoupling layers such as domain models and presentation APIs, and limiting unnecessary exposure of internal data. DTOs are typically implemented as POJOs or JavaBeans, though modern Java records offer a concise immutable alternative with generated constructors and accessors. Unlike general POJOs, DTOs have a focused purpose and should remain small, simple, specific to a transaction, and free of business logic. The pattern can improve security by preventing APIs from directly returning complete domain entities that may later gain sensitive fields such as home addresses or other personally identifiable information. DTOs differ from Data Access Objects, which manage persistence operations, while DTOs exclusively carry data between processes.
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