Dependency injection is a powerful technique for enhancing the flexibility and robustness of software applications, particularly in Python. It involves giving components or objects the ability to be provided or injected with dependencies from outside, promoting decoupling and modularity. This approach offers numerous benefits, including improved maintainability and testability of code, easy swapping of dependencies, enhanced modularity and reusability of code, support for inversion of control, and configurable application behavior. However, it also comes with its own set of challenges and limitations, such as complexity, potential for confusion, runtime errors, performance overhead, rollback challenges, and not always being necessary. When deciding which dependency injection framework to use, it's essential to evaluate the specific requirements of your project, the level of modularity and testability you desire, and the framework you're working with. Popular Python frameworks like Flask, Django, and FastAPI offer built-in or integrated support for dependency injection, making it easier to manage dependencies and achieve modularity within your application.