The Python Debugger (PDB) is a powerful tool that allows developers to step through their call stack using breakpoints. By adding a breakpoint to a specific function, developers can pause execution and examine the current state of the program. The PDB console provides a shell-like environment where developers can run most Python code, access locally scoped variables, and navigate up or down the call stack as needed. In production environments, Python's CPython runtime allows easy access to the current call stack via `sys.exc_info()`, which returns a tuple containing information about the exception, including the class of the exception, the actual instance of the exception, and a traceback object. The traceback object can be used to extract stack locals, allowing developers to understand the context and resolve issues more easily. By leveraging these tools and features, developers can gain valuable insights into their program's execution and fix errors more efficiently.