Debuggable JavaScript in production with Source Maps is a crucial feature that enables developers to debug their transpiled code more efficiently. When using tools like UglifyJS or Webpack, which transform source code into transpiled JavaScript, it can be challenging to identify errors and understand the original source code. This is where Source Maps come in - JSON files that map transpiled source code back to its original source, making debugging easier. By adding a sourceMappingURL directive to transpiled files and using tools like UglifyJS or Webpack to generate source maps, developers can enable browsers to download and apply these maps, allowing for more accurate error monitoring and debugging in production.