Robotium is a popular Android automation framework for testing native and hybrid Android apps using the black box method. It can be used with or without the source code of the app, and runs on both emulators and real devices. Robotium aims to make writing tests simple by simulating user actions such as touching, clicking, and typing. However, it has limitations, including requiring a separate test application from the main app, not supporting multiple languages or frameworks, and only running on one device at a time. In contrast, Appium follows four rules for mobile automation: testing the same app submitted to the marketplace, writing tests in any language, using a standard automation specification and API, and building a large open-source community effort. While Robotium meets some of these principles, it does not excel in others, and Sauce supports Appium as a more flexible and robust option.