Android is the world's most popular mobile operating system, with 72% global market share as of 2021. Creating an effective testing routine can be intimidating due to the wide variety of Android testing frameworks, languages, tools, and methods available. Manual testing involves running tests on physical devices, while compatibility testing ensures app functionality across different devices and configurations. Automated testing is necessary for large-scale testing, with open-source test frameworks like Selenium, Appium, and Espresso streamlining automated tests. Performance testing evaluates how an application behaves under stress, security testing identifies vulnerabilities, and continuous integration testing validates changes after each build. A well-planned Android testing strategy involves identifying the types of testing needed, choosing the right frameworks, assigning test writers, selecting devices and configurations to test on, and running tests in parallel. Best practices for Android testing include automating as much as possible, finding the "sweet spot" for the number of tests, using emulators sparingly, testing every time code changes, making testing a collective effort, leaning toward open-source testing, and continuously improving the testing process to improve app quality and reduce developer effort.