Java debugging in Eclipse is an efficient process aided by various tools and perspectives offered by the IDE, which allows developers to identify and resolve issues in their code by stepping through it interactively. Eclipse's Debug Perspective provides a comprehensive set of views such as Debug, Variables, Breakpoints, and Expressions that facilitate the inspection of code and program execution flow. The process involves setting breakpoints to pause execution, starting the program in debug mode, and using features like Step Into, Step Over, and Step Return to navigate through code. Additionally, developers can add variables to the Expressions view for value inspection, and they can use Step Filters to avoid delving into unnecessary library code. Eclipse's user-friendly interface and debugging capabilities, along with external tools like Rollbar for real-time error management, make the debugging process more effective and less daunting for developers.