GraphQL is an open-source query language and runtime that offers a more efficient alternative to traditional REST APIs, allowing developers to specify exactly what data they need from existing databases and APIs. Since its open-source release in 2015, GraphQL has gained popularity for its ability to eliminate over-fetching data and reduce the number of requests needed to retrieve information, transforming data handling for applications. Unlike REST, where multiple endpoints might be necessary, GraphQL enables developers to fetch all required data with a single request by defining a schema that outlines the needed information. This approach improves performance and reduces server load by only transferring essential data. Despite its steeper learning curve compared to conventional GET or POST requests, GraphQL's integration with JavaScript frameworks and tools like Apollo Client and Relay simplifies its adoption in modern web development. It also offers flexibility through schema-first and code-first approaches, supporting a wide range of programming languages. As a growing ecosystem, GraphQL includes clients, servers, gateways, and additional tools that enhance API performance with features like query caching and error tracking, making it a serious contender for developers seeking efficient data fetching and manipulation methods.