Design Email for Humans and Agents

Email is increasingly read by both people and AI systems such as Apple Intelligence, Gemini, and Copilot, which may summarize messages, extract details, and sometimes initiate actions such as tracking deadlines or unsubscribing users. To ensure these tools and human readers interpret messages accurately, emails should state their main point, requested action, and deadline in the subject line and opening sentences, focus on one goal, and place essential information and calls to action in live text rather than images or attachments. The guidance recommends semantic HTML, descriptive titles, language and direction attributes, presentation roles for layout tables, descriptive links, and a complete plain-text alternative to improve accessibility and machine readability. It also warns against hidden text or instructions intended for AI, since such content can be treated as suspicious or malicious, while developers of email-reading agents should treat messages as untrusted and require human confirmation for high-risk actions. Senders are encouraged to test images-off rendering, compare HTML and plain-text versions, ask models to summarize drafts, and review messages in major email clients before sending.

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