The text discusses deploying an autoscaling group into AWS using Terraform, specifically for a stateless service with simple configuration that can be easily configured using cloud-init. The goal is to configure everything with Terraform and update the configuration whenever needed, without updating instances in place. To achieve this, the authors create a launch template that defines the critical elements of the instance and loads the service configuration from a user data file. They then create an autoscaling group using the launch template and modify it to dynamically update the desired capacity based on the existence of current autoscaling groups, ensuring clean instances when making configuration changes. The process involves using Terraform's `data` and `resource` blocks to query for the latest AMI, launch template, and autoscaling group information, and then updating the autoscaling group resource with the new desired capacity value.