Self-Hosting Qwen, DeepSeek, and Mixtral Under EU AI Act GPAI Enforcement: What You Must Document, Log, and Prove

EU AI Act rules for general-purpose AI models became enforceable by the European Commission on 2 August 2026, exposing GPAI providers to fines of up to 3% of worldwide turnover or €15 million, while most organizations that internally self-host unmodified Qwen, DeepSeek, or Mixtral models remain deployers with narrower duties involving staff AI literacy, user transparency, and retention of model licences and cards. Provider obligations arise when organizations market models under their own name or substantially modify them, requiring technical documentation, downstream information, copyright and text-and-data-mining policies, training-data summaries, and, for systemic-risk models, evaluations, incident reporting, and cybersecurity controls. The central operational recommendation is to build compliance evidence into infrastructure from the outset by pinning model versions and hashes, archiving provenance, logging prompts and outputs under a defined retention policy, attributing usage by team, and proving the physical inference region. It describes a self-hosted production stack built around runtimes such as vLLM or SGLang, Kubernetes-based orchestration and autoscaling, and gateways such as LiteLLM, arguing that queue depth, concurrency, KV-cache pressure, and time-to-first-token are better scaling signals than GPU utilization. GPU capacity planning must account for total model parameters, KV-cache demands, context length, and concurrency, making large mixture-of-experts and DeepSeek models multi-GPU workloads despite lower active-parameter counts. Self-hosting can improve data residency, auditability, version control, and access to cloud-account discounts, but becomes cost-effective relative to hosted APIs mainly at sustained high utilization; the text presents Qovery as a BYOC platform layer for deployment, environments, and access control rather than an inference runtime or compliance solution.

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