EU GPU Cloud Providers for GDPR-Compliant AI Inference: 7 Options That Keep Patient Data in Europe

For GDPR-sensitive AI inference involving patient data, the comparison identifies seven EU or EEA-incorporated providers—Scaleway, OVHcloud, IONOS Cloud, StackIt, Hetzner, Nebius, and Regolo.ai—that offer varying combinations of EU-based GPU capacity, contractual Article 28 data-processing agreements, and security credentials. It distinguishes data residency from sovereignty, noting that EU regions operated by US-parented hyperscalers can meet residency requirements but may retain exposure to US legal access requests, although AWS, Microsoft, and Google offer emerging sovereign-cloud options with different limitations. French personal health data requires HDS-certified hosting, narrowing the listed GPU-capable choices to Scaleway and OVHcloud, while German public and health-sector buyers may prioritize BSI C5 Type 2 evidence, particularly from StackIt or Hetzner. The article emphasizes that no cloud is universally “GDPR certified” and recommends validating contractual and operational evidence including an EU-law DPA, sub-processor locations, ISO 27001, applicable national health certifications, zero-retention and no-training terms, and a customer-led DPIA. For identifiable patient data, it favors self-hosting open-weight models in a private EU VPC to minimize trust-boundary crossings, whereas managed EU inference APIs may suit de-identified or lower-volume workloads. It also presents Qovery as a deployment and governance layer rather than a GPU or compliance provider, intended to deploy workloads into customers’ own cloud accounts or Kubernetes environments.

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