Debugging is a crucial aspect of software development that involves finding, diagnosing, and fixing errors or bugs within a software source code. The debugging process starts with software testing and ends when the test suite passes, ensuring the software meets specified requirements and works as expected. Debugging differs from testing, focusing on specific issues rather than verifying overall functionality. Effective debugging techniques include print statement debugging, interactive debugging, logging, post-mortem debugging, remote debugging, domain knowledge debugging, team debugging, static evaluation, and brute force debugging, each with its unique approach and tools. By applying these methods, developers can identify and rectify errors, improving software quality, user experience, cost efficiency, and overall system maintainability and scalability.