Python 3.6 introduces several new features and improvements, making it a significant release for developers. Notable enhancements include the introduction of f-strings for more concise string formatting, improved readability of large numbers using underscores, and expanded type hinting capabilities, allowing documentation of variable intent. The release also stabilizes the asyncio module, providing a consistent API for asynchronous programming. Additionally, there's a new dictionary implementation that reduces memory usage, though its order-preserving nature is considered an implementation detail. The secrets module is introduced to securely generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random values, emphasizing that the random module is unsuitable for security purposes. The pyvenv script is deprecated in favor of python3 -m venv for virtual environments. With Python 2.x no longer actively developed, transitioning to Python 3.x is advisable to benefit from these updates.