The evolving landscape of Kubernetes tools has seen the deprecation of ksonnet, a project initially launched by Heptio, Box, Microsoft, and Bitnami, which introduced a DSL for managing Kubernetes configurations. In contrast, Pulumi offers a more versatile approach by utilizing familiar programming languages like JavaScript, Python, and Go, thereby leveraging existing language capabilities, package ecosystems, and IDE support. Pulumi not only provides access to the complete raw Kubernetes API but also extends its functionality to work with public and private cloud resources, allowing users to deploy both Kubernetes and AWS/Azure/GCP resources using a single workflow. This integration offers features beyond ksonnet’s scope, such as robust status reporting and a comprehensive cloud object model, enhancing the ease and efficiency of managing cloud-native infrastructure. Pulumi also facilitates the transition for those familiar with ksonnet by offering similar features like modules and functions but within a more expansive framework that spans multiple clouds and resource types.