In late 2018, AWS introduced its first EC2 instances utilizing ARM-based AWS Graviton Processors, which were designed for enhanced performance and cost-efficiency. Following the initial launch, AWS continued to develop its Graviton technology, culminating in the launch of the Graviton Challenge in June 2021 to encourage users to migrate their applications to the more advanced AWS Graviton2 processors. These Graviton2 instances offer up to 20% lower costs and up to 40% better price performance compared to x86-based instances. AWS has now expanded Graviton2 support to AWS Lambda Functions, allowing users to benefit from the improved price performance of the Graviton2 architecture when executing Lambda Functions. To deploy a Lambda Function on Graviton2 architecture using Pulumi, users must specify the architecture as "arm64" to ensure compatibility with ARM-based infrastructure. The text provides a detailed guide on creating the necessary IAM roles and deploying Lambda Functions and Layers on this architecture, highlighting the importance of cross-compiling application code for ARM64 in compiled languages like Go.