The text discusses how PlanetScale Insights provides time-series metrics on a per-query pattern basis to help developers identify and troubleshoot problematic queries in their database. Query patterns are defined by normalizing SQL queries using Vitess's SQL parser, which extracts literals and eliminates surface-level syntactic differences. The normalized query is then used to calculate a fingerprint, group queries, and emit aggregated telemetry such as execution time and rows read or written. This feature allows developers to analyze performance issues in their database, identify areas for improvement, and optimize their query usage.