MySQL offers various integer types, including INT, BIGINT, MEDIUMINT, SMALLINT, and TINYINT, each with its own range of numbers. The INT type can store up to 4,294,967,296 values, but MySQL also has a signed 32-bit value with 31 bits for the actual number and one bit for the sign. This allows it to store negative numbers by default unless otherwise specified. MySQL also permits using UNSIGNED keyword when creating a column, which tells the database engine that all values should be positive. The choice of integer type depends on whether you need to store negative numbers or how large the numbers are.