How to Implement Authorization into a FastAPI Application

FastAPI has gained popularity among Python developers for its speed and clean design, which facilitates the implementation of functionalities such as authentication and authorization. While authentication is often straightforward with existing plugins, authorization remains complex for many developers. This article provides a step-by-step guide to implementing an authorization layer in a FastAPI application, using a simple to-do application as an example. It discusses the drawbacks of mixing authorization logic directly with application code and suggests a more efficient approach by decoupling policy and permissions through an external authorization service like Permit.io. The guide demonstrates configuring roles and permissions using Permit.io to implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), allowing developers to adjust policies without altering application code. The approach simplifies authorization management and introduces the concept of authorization-as-a-service to streamline and future-proof application security.

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