Network performance monitoring (NPM) is crucial for maintaining optimal network operations by collecting, analyzing, and reporting on network metrics such as latency, jitter, packet loss, network errors, and bandwidth. This process enables IT teams to proactively identify and address potential issues, ensuring smooth application and service delivery, enhanced security, compliance with service level agreements, and cost optimization. Despite its importance, NPM faces challenges like complex network environments, alert fatigue, and security vulnerabilities. To overcome these, businesses should implement best practices such as establishing performance baselines, using real-time monitoring tools, automating routine tasks, and maintaining comprehensive documentation. Tools like New Relic offer features like AI-powered alerts and customizable dashboards to provide real-time visibility and ensure seamless monitoring as networks grow.