Improving database performance is crucial in high-traffic environments to prevent bottlenecks and slow query execution, which can impact user experience. Common issues include slow query execution due to inefficient queries or lack of indexing, high CPU utilization, disk I/O bottlenecks, insufficient indexing, locking and concurrency problems, and poor resource utilization. Monitoring key performance metrics such as response time, throughput, scalability, and resource utilization is vital for identifying potential bottlenecks. Proactive optimization measures like query optimization, indexing strategies, hardware enhancements, and tuning techniques can significantly improve database efficiency. Leveraging load balancing, replication strategies, efficient caching mechanisms, and robust disaster recovery measures ensures databases can handle the demands of high-traffic scenarios. With tools like New Relic's APM 360, organizations can gain real-time insights, optimize configurations, and maintain the health of their database system to ensure seamless performance in dynamic environments.