Word embeddings are a key technique in natural language processing (NLP), enabling the development and performance of state-of-the-art models like RNNs, LSTMs, and GPT series by representing words and sentences numerically to capture semantic and syntactic properties. These embeddings are dense vectors that preserve contextual relationships between words, facilitating tasks such as language sequence generation and contextual understanding. Early neural network-based models like those proposed by Bengio et al. laid the groundwork for current methods by addressing issues like the curse of dimensionality, though they were computationally expensive. Mikolov et al. introduced the Word2Vec model, reducing complexity by removing hidden layers and employing approaches like Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBOW) and Skip-Gram, which are faster and efficient for large datasets. Further innovations, such as hierarchical softmax and sampling-based approaches like noise contrastive estimation and negative sampling, have improved computational efficiency and approximation of probability distributions in these models. Although these methods have advanced NLP significantly, they still lack a complete conceptual understanding, a gap that more recent models like ELMo aim to address by providing contextual representations.