WAL + S3: Lakebase storage for the era of agents
Blog post from Neon
Lakebase Postgres proposes a “lakebase” architecture that treats PostgreSQL’s write-ahead log (WAL), rather than mutable database files, as the durable and addressable source of truth, storing historical data in object storage while separating compute from storage. Standard Postgres compute nodes continue to execute SQL, manage transactions, and use RAM and local NVMe caches, while safekeepers replicate WAL records through quorum-based consensus and pageservers reconstruct page versions for a requested log sequence number (LSN) from base images and WAL deltas. This design aims to make commits independent of object-storage latency and enables historical reads, inexpensive point-in-time restoration, branching, and rapid read-replica creation because database states can be referenced by LSN instead of copied. The system uses immutable image and delta layers, along with persistent search trees that allow current and historical page lookups at similar cost. The article argues that storing durable transactional history in object storage can also support shared transactional and analytical access through columnar representations, reducing the need for separate replicated data pipelines. Lakebase Postgres is presented as available through Neon and Databricks, with integrations tailored to each platform.
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