BSON is a binary version of JSON and has many more data types than JSON, allowing for more precise querying. BSON includes `Minkey`, `Maxkey`, `Binary Data`, `TimeStamp`, `Date`, `ObjectID`, `Regular Expression`, `JavaScript`, `Double`, `Int`, `Long`, and `Decimal128` as its primary data types, which cannot be found in JSON. These additional data types provide more precision and flexibility for storing and querying data in MongoDB. BSON also provides specialized number types such as `Int`, `Long`, and `Decimal128` to handle integer values with varying degrees of precision.