The MongoDB Go driver is used to connect to a cluster and create handles to collections, which are used to insert new documents into the database. The `InsertOne` function can be used to create a single document, while the `InsertMany` function can be used to create multiple documents in a single request. The data structures used by the MongoDB Go driver include `bson.D`, which represents a JSON-like document, and `bson.A`, which represents an array. The `InsertOneResult` object returned by `InsertOne` contains information about the newly created document, including its `_id`. The `InsertManyResult` object returned by `InsertMany` contains an array of inserted IDs.