MongoDB's query language is distinct from SQL's in that it doesn't require white spaces or quotes, using instead "cascade" structures of operator/operand pairs typically in name:value format. This allows developers to construct and manipulate queries more easily, without needing a parser, and makes it straightforward to add subexpressions incrementally. MongoDB offers various query capabilities including sorting, projection, pagination, and the Aggregation Framework for grouping data. The Aggregation Framework provides similar functionality to SQL's GROUP BY clause, allowing users to count and group data in a flexible manner.