The history of artificial intelligence (AI) dates back to Alan Turing's 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," where he asked if machines can think. The term "artificial intelligence" was coined at Dartmouth College in 1956, and the field experienced boom and bust cycles as advances in algorithms were constrained by technology limitations. However, with the advent of new technologies, AI began to transition from science fiction into real-world applicability in the late 1990s, particularly with IBM's Deep Blue chess program beating Garry Kasparov in 1997. Advances in artificial neural networks (ANNs) and deep learning enabled AI to solve real-world applications such as image recognition and speech. The convergence of advances in software algorithms and hardware is driving the current rapid progress in AI. Four main factors are driving the adoption of AI today: more data, cheaper computation, more sophisticated algorithms, and broader investment.