The text discusses various design patterns for modeling data in MongoDB, a NoSQL database. The article explains the benefits and drawbacks of each pattern, providing examples to illustrate their applications. It also highlights the importance of considering the specific needs of an application when choosing a pattern, as there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The patterns discussed include Approximation, Attribute, Balde, Calculated, Versioned Document, Extended Reference, Part Aislado, Pre-assignment, Polymorphic, and Subconjunto, among others. Each pattern has its advantages and disadvantages, and the article emphasizes the need to consider these factors when designing an application's data model. The patterns can be used individually or in combination to improve the performance and scalability of MongoDB-based applications.