The key points covered in this text include modeling One-to-N relationships in MongoDB, which involves considering factors such as the cardinality of the relationship, whether the entities on the "N" side need to stand alone, and the ratio of reads to updates for a particular field. The three basic ways to model One-to-N relationships are embedding, referencing, and parent-referencing, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Denormalization can be used to improve read performance by duplicating data in multiple documents, but it also adds complexity to updates and requires careful consideration of the ratio of reads to updates. The text concludes that MongoDB provides flexibility and productivity for designing database schema, allowing applications to adapt easily to change and support queries and updates as needed.