How to conduct user research for (almost) free

User research in UX design is essential for developing successful products but often faces budgetary constraints, particularly in startups or corporations where research is undervalued. Despite these challenges, several low-cost research methods exist, such as desk research using existing reports, reusing internal data, guerrilla testing, lean user interviews, and low-cost surveys, which can all yield valuable insights without significant financial investment. These methods emphasize the importance of asking focused research questions to maximize efficiency and relevance, even with limited resources. Engaging with communities and leveraging active user feedback can also provide meaningful insights, encouraging a shift from financial expenditure to effort and creativity in gathering data. While the lack of a budget might seem restrictive, it compels researchers to prioritize and execute their research with greater intentionality, focusing on what truly matters in both UX research and design.