The concept of observability is crucial in microservices architecture, where managing, monitoring, and maintaining a system can be challenging. Observability helps teams understand why their process is failing by providing insights into the internal state of the system using only its outputs that are being monitored. Vanya Seth, Head of Technology at Thoughtworks India, discussed the importance of observability in facilitating testing in production. She explained that monitoring allows teams to watch and understand the state of their systems with predefined metrics or logs, whereas observability is a solution that enables teams to actively debug their system and understand why something is behaving a certain way. The three pillars of observability are Metrics, Traces, and Logs, which provide key pointers for defining the health of your system, mapping user journeys through various systems, and storing actual logs emitted by events that occurred. Vanya emphasized the need for teams to design their telemetry data correctly, separate concerns, and manage capacity and cost implications when planning an observability strategy. She also discussed antipatterns to watch out for, such as testing in production, and encouraged teams to embrace chaos and not overcontrol it, instead focusing on developing the ability to cope with dynamism.