The Page Object Model (POM) design pattern is a method used in Selenium Java testing to enhance the maintainability and readability of test scripts by creating a repository of Web UI elements, thereby reducing code duplication. POM operates by creating individual page classes for each webpage, which contain web elements and related methods, allowing changes to be made centrally when UI modifications occur. This approach decouples the abstraction of test objects from the testing scripts, streamlining updates and preventing brittle code. The pattern can be implemented using Page Factory to initialize web elements and supports various locator strategies like ID, Name, Class, Link, CSS, and XPath to identify elements on a webpage. POM is particularly effective for applications with multiple pages, as it separates web elements into distinct page class files and promotes a more interactive and understandable code structure. The tutorial also discusses how to execute POM using LambdaTest Selenium Grid for parallel testing and the benefits of monitoring test results via the LambdaTest dashboard, which offers comprehensive logging and integration options.