In an era where connectivity underpins technologies such as 5G, IoT, and edge computing, it plays a crucial role in digital transformation, enabling innovations from smart cities to Industry 4.0. However, this increased connectivity also expands the attack surface for cyber threats, necessitating robust security measures to protect against attacks like those on SolarWinds and the Colonial Pipeline. The Zero Trust model and a multi-layered security approach, including rigorous identity verification and microsegmentation, are essential for safeguarding connected systems. Observability becomes vital in understanding and securing the attack surface, with metrics, logs, and traces providing insights into system behaviors. To secure connectivity at scale, organizations must adopt practices like AI-driven observability, consistent security policy enforcement through service meshes, and governance via role-based access control. Additionally, architectural patterns such as implementing API gateways and adopting APIOps can enhance security by ensuring consistent policy application and optimizing API management as systems grow and evolve.