Python timezones are an essential concept in Python programming, referring to the implementation of the concept of time zones in Python. They play a crucial role when working with aware datetime objects. Naïve datetime objects, which do not carry any information about timezones, can be converted into aware objects by specifying a timezone using the `zoneinfo` or `pytz` library. The `pytz` library is a popular choice for handling timezones, but it has been deprecated in favor of the native `zoneinfo` module since Python version 3.9. Understanding and using Python timezones effectively can help developers avoid common pitfalls and ensure accurate results when working with dates and times.