Data visualization is a powerful tool for data analysis, but it can also be used to mislead audiences through various techniques. Three common methods of creating deceptive visualizations include manipulating the y-axis, using cumulative graphs, and ignoring standard conventions. Truncated y-axes can exaggerate differences in data, as seen when the y-axis is adjusted to create the illusion of significant changes in interest rates. Cumulative graphs, which show a running total of metrics like revenue, can obscure declining trends, as demonstrated by Apple's representation of iPhone sales. Additionally, flouting conventions, such as reversing the y-axis or misusing pie charts, can confuse viewers and lead to misinterpretations, as illustrated by examples from Fox Chicago and Business Insider. These practices underscore the importance of careful design and scrutiny of visualizations to ensure accurate data interpretation.